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OK.

When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place, the effect is referred to as
A. Stroboscopic movement
B. phi phenomenon

The answer is B, but what is the difference between both of those answers??

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In operant conditioning, the concept of contingency is exemplified by an "if A, then B" relationship in which A and B, respectively, represent
A. stimulus, response
B response, reinforcement
C. stimulus, reinforcement
D. response, stimulus
E. stimulus, stimulus

Can someonee xplain this?


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Lastly.

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when

A. responses have no effect on the environment
B young organisms fail to imprint at the critical period
C a response is reinforced independently
D reinforcement occurs on an intermittent schedule
E an organism receives negative reinforcement

Please explain once again..

Thanks!

By Cooljay687 (Cooljay687) on Monday, May 03, 2004 - 09:10 pm: Edit

Anyone?

By Cooljay687 (Cooljay687) on Monday, May 03, 2004 - 09:10 pm: Edit

Anyone?

By Jenz129 (Jenz129) on Monday, May 03, 2004 - 09:17 pm: Edit

The answer to the third question is A (I think and hope). Learned helplessness results from external locus of control. If the response makes no impact on the environment, then the subject doesn't have control over the environment.

By Jenz129 (Jenz129) on Monday, May 03, 2004 - 09:19 pm: Edit

For #2, I would guess B.
I've never heard of stroboscopic movement. =/

By Cooljay687 (Cooljay687) on Monday, May 03, 2004 - 09:28 pm: Edit

#2, b is correct. Why?